DR. Mohamed Abd Elhamid​

713 El Horreya Laurent Road, Abu Qir Street, above Divanoa Home Furniture Store, first floor, entrance b - TEL : 01017398737
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introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a “syndrome” or group of symptoms that affects the ovaries and ovulation. It affects women during their reproductive years (from 15 to 39 years).

Many small fluid-filled cysts grow inside the ovaries and affect a woman’s hormone levels.

Women with PCOS produce higher than normal amounts of male hormones. This hormonal imbalance leads to irregular and irregular menstrual cycles, leading to delayed pregnancy.

These women also suffer from hair growth on the face and body. It can contribute to long-term health problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

Birth control pills and diabetes medications can help fix the hormonal imbalance and improve symptoms.

It is a different entity from PCO that is discovered incidentally during ultrasound and does not cause any symptoms.

Causes of polycystic ovary syndrome

There is no main reason, but high levels of male hormones prevent the ovaries from producing hormones and forming eggs normally. Genes have been linked to insulin resistance and inflammation, and their effect on increased androgen secretion.

 

The most common symptoms of PCOS are:

  • Irregular menstrual cycle. The lack of ovulation prevents the uterine lining from shedding each month.
  • Severe bleeding. The uterine lining builds up for a longer period of time, so your menstrual cycle can be heavier than usual.
  • hair grow. More than 70% of women with this condition grow hair on the face and body, including the back, abdomen and chest. Excessive hair growth is called hirsutism.
  • young love. Male hormones can make the skin more oily than usual and cause pimples to appear on areas such as the face, chest and upper back.
  • overweight. Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or obese.
  • Male pattern baldness. The hair on the scalp becomes thinner and falls out.
  • Darkening of the skin. Dark patches of skin can form in creases of the body such as those on the neck, in the groin and under the breasts.
  • Headache. Hormonal changes can cause headaches in some women.

 

Long-term consequences of PCOS:

  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiovascular diseases

 

How is polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed?

We diagnose PCOS if women have at least two of the three main symptoms

  • High androgen levels diagnosed by blood tests or causing excessive body hair growth
  • Irregular menstrual cycle with decreased or absent ovulation
  • The presence of cysts in the ovaries.

A pelvic exam, blood tests, and ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis.

 

Delayed pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome

PCOS interrupts the normal menstrual cycle and makes getting pregnant more difficult.

Sometimes women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk of giving birth to their babies prematurely. They are also more susceptible to miscarriage, high blood pressure, and gestational diabetes.

However, women with PCOS can get pregnant using fertility medications that improve ovulation. Losing weight and lowering blood sugar levels can improve the odds of a healthy pregnancy.

 

How is polycystic ovary syndrome treated?

You should know that there is no cure for PCOS and that the available treatment is guided by the symptoms caused by PCOS.

  1. Diet and lifestyle tips to treat PCOS

Treatment for PCOS usually begins with lifestyle changes such as weight loss, diet and exercise.

Losing just 5 to 10 percent of your body weight can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve PCOS symptoms. Losing weight can also improve cholesterol levels, lower insulin, and reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Exercise is most beneficial when combined with a healthy diet. Diet plus exercise helps you lose more weight than either intervention alone, and it also reduces your risk of diabetes and heart disease.

  1. Menstrual disorders

Taking birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin daily can restore normal hormonal balance, regulate ovulation, relieve symptoms such as excess hair growth, and protect against endometrial cancer.



For women with PCOS who are seeking to get pregnant, there are two ways to manage this condition, which mainly starts with medical treatment, and sometimes some women need further interventions such as surgery.

Medical treatments include the use of regular medications that stimulate ovulation, follow-up using ultrasound, and measuring the levels of certain hormones, depending on some tests and the woman’s condition.

What is endometriosis?

This uterine lining responds to the monthly hormones secreted by the ovaries and thickens and bleeds, which sometimes forms cysts known as “chocolate cysts.”

Endometriosis is usually found in the lower abdomen or pelvis, but it can appear anywhere in the body.

It is estimated that endometriosis affects between 3% and 10% of women of reproductive age. Endometriosis can only be truly diagnosed by performing laparoscopy and taking a sample of the suspected abnormality.

Affected women often suffer from some symptoms, and sometimes no symptoms appear at all, including:

  • Chronic pelvic pain that lasts for more than 6 months, and is usually cyclic.
  • Painful periods that are sometimes heavy.
  • Painful intercourse.
  • Pain during defecation or during bowel movements
  • Pain during urination, sometimes with blood coming out with the urine
  • Difficulty in getting pregnant may appear for the first time.

 

How does endometriosis occur?

  • Sometimes during the menstrual cycle, some blood and tissue from the uterus returns through the fallopian tube to the abdominal cavity. This is called retrograde menstruation.
  • In another explanation, some cells outside the uterus can change to become the same type of cells that line the uterus.
  • Another possible explanation is that cells from the uterine lining travel through the blood vessels or through the lymphatic system to reach other organs or areas in the body.

 

  • Endometriosis can also spread at the time of surgery. For example, a woman with endometriosis who undergoes a cesarean section could inadvertently have some endometrial cells attached to the laparotomy, causing her to develop endometriosis in the surgical scar.

 

Complications of endometriosis

  • Chronic pelvic pain
  • The presence of adhesions within the pelvic cavity, which may lead to obstruction of the intestine or ureter

 

How is endometriosis diagnosed?

First, the diagnosis is made according to the symptoms you are suffering from, with a focus on the duration of these symptoms and their relationship to the menstrual cycle.

A pelvic exam performed by Dr. Muhammad will help confirm the diagnosis

 

Tests available to diagnose endometriosis:

  • Pelvic ultrasound, which may reveal the presence of chocolate cysts or adhesions.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis also confirms the presence of these cysts and adhesions
  • Diagnostic laparoscopy, which is done through small holes in the abdomen through which a camera can pass and see inside the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Biopsies can also be taken to help confirm the diagnosis.
  • Blood tests that may help in diagnosis, such as measuring CA125, which is usually elevated in cases of endometriosis, but is not specific to it.

Endometriosis treatment

You should know that there is no cure for endometriosis, but there are many different lines that help treat the pain and improve your chance of getting pregnant.

  1. Medical treatment
  • Painkillers can be started for 3 months
  • The second option is birth control pills or progesterone-only pills, which are taken continuously for 6 months
  • GnRH, which is a 6-month hormonal injection, can be prescribed and results in a significant reduction in the size of endometrial lesions and relief of symptoms.
  1. Surgical treatment:
  • It is usually used to remove chocolate cysts and remove adhesions through the laparoscope.
  • The last option could be to remove the uterus and ovaries to treat the pain but this is not done routinely and is reserved for severe cases that do not respond to all other treatment options.

There is no doubt that cervicitis is a disease that affects all women in the world without exception.

 

Dr. Muhammad made a group of videos that spread throughout all Arab countries, which include a detailed explanation of the causes, symptoms, types, and treatment of these conditions. We recommend watching these videos.

 

We are honored at Dr. Muhammad’s clinic to offer a treatment program for these conditions that may lead to chronic cervicitis, which may also be a cause of infertility or cervical cancer.

 

For pregnant women, cervicitis may lead to rupture of the membrane covering the fetus, which may lead to fetal death or maternal illness.

 

The program is:

1- Cervical and vaginal smears

2- A complete assessment of the symptoms that the woman is experiencing

3- Develop a treatment plan according to the tests and provide advice to the woman

4- Regular cervical treatment sessions.

5- For pregnant women, you need regular follow-up and treatment of the infection using different treatment programs that do not affect the fetus.

Overview
For some women, the vaginal muscles involuntarily or persistently contract when they attempt vaginal penetration. This is called vaginismus. The contractions can prevent sexual intercourse or make it very painful. When a woman has vaginismus, her vagina’s muscles squeeze or spasm when something is entering it, like a tampon or a penis. It can be mildly uncomfortable, or it can be painful.
Vaginismus doesn’t interfere with sexual arousal, but it can prevent penetration.
A gentle pelvic exam typically shows no cause of the contractions. No physical abnormalities contribute to the condition.
It’s not your fault, and it’s nothing to be ashamed of. Nevertheless, these disorders can interfere with your relationships and your quality of life.
Experts don’t know exactly how many women suffer from vaginismus, but the condition is considered to be uncommon.
Types
There are different types of vaginismus that can affect women at different ages.
1. Primary vaginismus
This is a lifetime condition in which the pain has always been present. It will be difficult to use a tampon and to undergo a gynecological exam.
It is often experienced by women during their first attempt at intercourse. The male partner is unable to insert his penis into the vagina. He may describe a sensation like “hitting a wall” at the vaginal opening.
There may be pain, generalized muscle spasms, and the woman may temporarily stop breathing. The symptoms are reversed when the attempt at vaginal entry is stopped.
2. Secondary vaginismus
This develops after a woman has already experienced normal sexual function. It has not always been present. It can occur at any stage of life, and it may not have happened before.
It usually stems from a specific event, such as an infection, menopause, a traumatic event, development of a medical condition, relationship issues, surgery, or childbirth.
Even after any underlying medical condition is corrected, pain can continue if the body has become conditioned to respond in this way.
Causes of vaginismus
Often there’s no obvious explanation, but some things thought to cause vaginismus include:
• fear that your vagina is too small
• a bad first sexual experience
• an unpleasant medical examination
• a belief that sex is shameful or wrong
• a painful medical condition, like thrush
What happens at your appointment?
At your appointment at our clinic, you may ask to be seen by a female doctor, and you can bring someone you trust along for support. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and may ask to examine your vagina.
The examination is usually very quick. Your doctor will take a quick look to rule out other conditions, like an infection. It’s unlikely they’ll need to perform an internal examination of your vagina.
Our lead in this issue is based on a strong scientific background through using an advanced American program for management of such conditions. Treatment is usually effective and you may see progress in a matter of weeks.
• Firstly, both partners will be evaluated.
• Secondly, a psychological assessment may be done searching for the possible causes of this condition.
• Thirdly, you may be given local vaginal or oral treatments
• Lastly, minor surgeries may be appropriate for some cases to help in managing the condition.
Our program of management of cases of vaginismus is considered one of the top management programs in the Middle East in treating such increasing condition which usually declined by our culture.

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